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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00047_Field_frep23.txt
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1996-12-30
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THE RECEPTIVE FIELDS OF
RETINAL GANGLION CELLS: THE
OUTPUT OF THE EYE
Left: Four recordings from a
typical on-center retinal
ganglion cell. Each record is a
single sweep of the
oscilloscope, whose duration is
2.5 seconds. For a sweep this
slow, the rising and falling
phases of the impulse coalesce
so that each spike appears as a
vertical line. To the left the
stimuli are shown. In the
resting state at the top, there is
no stimulus: firing is slow and
more or less random. The lower
three records show responses to
a small (optimum size) spot, a
large spot covering the
receptive-field center and
surround, and a ring covering
the surround only. Right:
Responses of an off-center
retinal ganglion cell to the
same set of stimuli shown at
the left.
In studying the retina we are
confronted with two main
problems: First, how do the rods
and cones translate the light
they receive into electrical,
and then chemical, signals?
Second, how do the subsequent
cells in the next two layers--
the bipolar, horizontal,
amacrine, and ganglion cells--
interpret this information?
Before discussing the
physiology of the receptors and
intermediate cells, I want to
jump ahead to describe the
output of the retina--
represented by the activity of
the ganglion cells. The map of
the receptive field of a cell is a
powerful and convenient
shorthand description of the
cell's behavior, and thus of its
output. Understanding it can
help us to understand why the
cells in the intermediate stages
are wired up as they are, and
will help explain the purpose of
the direct and indirect paths. If
we know what ganglion cells
are telling the brain, we will
have gone far toward
understanding the entire
retina.